What different type are there of level design there is Alley, Maze, Hub, Island, Path. Will be talking about and giving examples of each level design and explain the gameplay and what pros and cons of each level design I have named. I also will not be going over level design ascetics and how it looks just how it works.
Alley- What is the Alley level design it is a level that has a set path your character will follow, Pros of having an alley level design this allows you to have more cutscenes as they can not stray from the path so you know they will run into it. Also as you have a set path you make the level more detailed. As you know the player will see it means you can add in little details that some levels cannot do it because they don’t know for 100% sure that you will see it. Also, they have a bigger area to do so they have to detail more areas.
A Con of doing an Alley level design is that the player can feel trapped and railroaded which is why they add in skyboxes and larger thing in the distances to make feel like you could go places. One more downside of using Alley level design is if the level is not detailed it is easy to notice and they level will be boring.
Maze-Maze levels are good to disorient the player, good example of a modern game that does it well is New “Spider-Man” from 2018. Also good use of it you have limited textures and use it like “Wolfenstein 3D” did back in 1992. The downside is it can get frustrating for the player as there can being a lot of backtracking.
Hub- Hub levels are used as a level selector in the world making it more immersive as you don’t need to use menus as often that also one of the pors of using a Hub level. One downside of using Hub level is that it can get very restive going thought it over and over again to get to levels, Also if you would make it do big it could get boring and tedious. 
Island- Island Maps/Level are used for open world games so you can go where you want or do what you want, Down Side of doing this it very hard to do, most are big and hard to add in a lot of detail everywhere. Pros of doing this Lots to do and they can get very invested in it if you do the island map/level well.
Path- The advantages of having a path level are that it gives the player options Good example of this hitman as it gives you a task and you can complete in many different ways also giving the game more played as you may want to go back and try a different way. The cons of doing a path level are it still has boundaries you can not just go off and explore the world like island level/map.
Game Design 